Introduction

The right to food is an essential part of the right to life under Article 21. It ensures that people who cannot afford food are entitled to receive it from the State to live with dignity.

Meaning / Definition

• Right to Food: The legal entitlement of individuals to access adequate food for survival and human dignity.
• It is derived from the right to life and personal liberty guaranteed under Article 21.

Modes or Types

Entitlement of Food

• Individuals who are starving due to inability to purchase food grains have the right to receive it.
• The State is obliged to provide food free of cost from surplus stocks.

Beneficiaries

• Aged and infirm persons
• Disabled persons
• Destitute women and men
• Pregnant and lactating women
• Destitute children

Important Case Law

• PUCL v Union of India [2000 (5) SCALE] – The Supreme Court held that the right to food is part of Article 21. States must provide food to those unable to afford it, especially vulnerable groups, using surplus food stocks.

Practical Example

• A State distributing free rice or wheat to destitute persons and pregnant women under its welfare schemes to prevent starvation.

Summary

• Right to food is a fundamental right under Article 21.
• Ensures access to adequate food for survival and dignity.
• Applies to vulnerable groups like aged, infirm, disabled, destitute, and pregnant women.
• The State must use surplus food stocks to provide free food.
• Recognized in PUCL v Union of India (2000).