| Section | Rule / Meaning | Case Law |
|---|---|---|
| 2 | Defines important words used in the Act such as obligation (legal duty), trust, and settlement. | Adhunik Steels Ltd v Orissa Manganese & Minerals Ltd State of Rajasthan v Harphool Singh |
| 4 | Specific relief means enforcing a legal right. It is given only to enforce private rights, not criminal law. | State of Rajasthan v Harphool Singh Premji Ratansey Shah v Union of India |
| 5 | A person who has the right to possess immovable property (land or building) can recover it through court. | Nair Service Society v K.C. Alexander Anathula Sudhakar v P. Buchi Reddy |
| 6 | A person who is illegally dispossessed (removed from property without consent) can recover possession within 6 months even without proving ownership. | Nair Service Society v K.C. Alexander Krishna Ram Mahale v Shobha Venkat Rao East India Hotels Ltd v Syndicate Bank |
| 7 | A person entitled to possession of movable property (goods) can recover the specific item through court. | Hollins v Fowler Union of India v Ibrahim Uddin |
| 8 | A person holding property as an agent or trustee must deliver it to the person who has the immediate right to possess it. | Ramdas v Sitabai State Bank of India v Gracure Pharmaceuticals Ltd |
| 9 | When the court orders delivery of specific movable property, it may also order payment of money if delivery is not possible. | Kuldip Singh v Subhash Chander Jain Hollins v Fowler |
| 10 | Courts may order specific performance (actual performance of the promise) of a contract, except in certain cases. | K.S. Vidyanadam v Vairavan K. Narendra v Riviera Apartments Saradamani Kandappan v S. Rajalakshmi Adhunik Steels Ltd v Orissa Manganese & Minerals Ltd |
| 11 | Contracts involving trust duties must be specifically performed. | Nirmala Anand v Advent Corporation Motilal Jain v Ramdasi Devi |
| 12 | Specific performance may be granted for part of a contract in some situations. | Sardar Singh v Krishna Devi Kartick Chandra Pal v Dibyendu Prasad |
| 14 | Lists contracts that cannot be specifically enforced, such as contracts requiring personal skill or constant supervision by the court. | Indian Oil Corporation v Amritsar Gas Service Adhunik Steels Ltd v Orissa Manganese & Minerals Ltd Her Highness Maharani Shantidevi v Savjibhai Haribhai Patel |
| 15 | Lists the persons who can obtain specific performance of a contract. | Durga Prasad v Deep Chand Thomson Press (India) Ltd v Nanak Builders |
| 16 | A person asking for specific performance must prove they were ready and willing to perform their part of the contract. | N.P. Thirugnanam v Dr R. Jagan Mohan Rao J.P. Builders v A. Ramadas Rao Azhar Sultana v B. Rajamani Man Kaur v Hartar Singh Sangha |
| 17 | Specific performance cannot be enforced in favour of a person who does not have proper title (legal ownership right). | R.C. Chandiok v Chuni Lal Sabharwal Durga Prasad v Deep Chand |
| 18 | Specific performance may be granted even when there are mistakes in the contract in certain situations. | Shanmugam v Ariya Kshatriya Rajakula Vamsathu Madalaya Nandhavana Paripalanai Sangam Motilal Jain v Ramdasi Devi |
| 19 | Specific performance can be enforced against parties to the contract and certain other persons claiming under them. | Durga Prasad v Deep Chand Thomson Press (India) Ltd v Nanak Builders Kasturi v Iyyamperumal |
| 20 | The court may order substituted performance (another person completing the work) if the party fails to perform the contract. | Adhunik Steels Ltd v Orissa Manganese & Minerals Ltd Indian Oil Corporation v Amritsar Gas Service |
| 21 | The court may award compensation (money payment) along with specific performance. | Kailash Nath Associates v DDA K. Narendra v Riviera Apartments |
| 22 | A person suing for specific performance may also ask for possession, partition (division of property), or refund of money. | Babu Lal v Hazari Lal Kishori Lal Durga Prasad v Deep Chand |
| 24 | A contract cannot be enforced if the person seeking enforcement becomes unable to perform their promise. | N.P. Thirugnanam v Dr R. Jagan Mohan Rao J.P. Builders v A. Ramadas Rao |
| 26 | The court may rectify (correct) a written contract if it does not show the real intention of the parties due to mistake. | Jai Narain Parasrampuria v Pushpa Devi Saraf Motilal Jain v Ramdasi Devi |
| 27 | The court may cancel a written document if it is void or may cause serious injury to a party. | Prem Singh v Birbal Satya Pal Anand v State of Madhya Pradesh |
| 28 | If a decree for specific performance is not followed, the court may cancel the contract and order refund or compensation. | Hungerford Investment Trust Ltd v Haridas Mundhra K. Narendra v Riviera Apartments |
| 31 | A person may ask the court to declare a document void or voidable if it may harm their legal rights. | Prem Singh v Birbal Satya Pal Anand v State of Madhya Pradesh |
| 34 | A person may ask the court for a declaration (official statement) that they have a legal right or status. | Venkataraja v Vidyane Doureradjaperumal R. Viswanathan v Rukn-ul-Mulk Syed Abdul Wajid Anathula Sudhakar v P. Buchi Reddy |
| 35 | A declaration is binding only on the parties involved in the case. | State of Madhya Pradesh v Mangilal Sharma Venkataraja v Vidyane Doureradjaperumal |
| 36 | Preventive relief means relief that prevents harm before it happens, usually through injunctions (court orders to stop an act). | Adhunik Steels Ltd v Orissa Manganese & Minerals Ltd Dalpat Kumar v Prahlad Singh |
| 37 | Injunctions are of two types: temporary (for a short time) and perpetual (permanent). | Dalpat Kumar v Prahlad Singh Gujarat Bottling Co Ltd v Coca Cola Co Wander Ltd v Antox India Pvt Ltd |
| 38 | A perpetual injunction permanently stops a person from doing something that violates another person’s rights. | Kuldip Singh v Subhash Chander Jain Anathula Sudhakar v P. Buchi Reddy Premji Ratansey Shah v Union of India |
| 39 | A mandatory injunction orders a person to perform a specific act to correct a wrong. | Dorab Cawasji Warden v Coomi Sorab Warden Metro Marins v Bonus Watch Co Adhunik Steels Ltd v Orissa Manganese & Minerals Ltd |
| 41 | Lists situations where injunction cannot be granted, such as stopping criminal proceedings or interfering with public duties. | Cotton Corporation of India v United Industrial Bank State of Orissa v Madan Gopal Rungta Best Sellers Retail (India) Pvt Ltd v Aditya Birla Nuvo Ltd |
| 42 | The court may grant an injunction to enforce a negative agreement (a promise not to do something). | Lumley v Wagner Warner Bros Pictures v Nelson Gujarat Bottling Co Ltd v Coca Cola Co |